If paternity is not presumed, there are several situations in which the mother or alleged father may want to pursue a paternity action.
- A mother seeks child support from a man she believes is the child’s father but that man believes another man is actually the child’s father;
- A father seeks visitation with a child he believes to be his biological child but is being denied visitation by the child’s mother;
- Understanding a child’s medical history; and
- Paving the way for a meaningful father-child relationship.
At Eskew Law, regardless of why you want to pursue a paternity action, our skilled Indiana paternity attorney can help.
The first thing to understand about Indiana paternity laws is that when a married woman gives birth to a child the Indiana paternity statute law presumes that the mother’s husband is the biological father of the child. In addition, if a couple separates or files for divorce and a child is born less than 300 days later, the ex-husband is presumed to be the father. Therefore, he is given legal rights and has an equal say in the care and upbringing of the child, unless the presumption is rebutted.
However, in some situations, a husband is not the biological father and may contest paternity. In other situations, the purported parents are not a couple. Therefore, the court intervenes to determine paternity. To do so, courts rely on Indiana paternity laws, which our dedicated Indianapolis lawyer could help you navigate.
The first way to establish paternity is to file a paternity affidavit under Indiana Code § 16-37-2-2.1. A paternity affidavit is a declaration, signed by both the man and woman, that the man is the biological father. Usually, this affidavit is done at the hospital after the child is born, though it can be executed at any time while the child is a minor. Once the affidavit is signed and submitted to the Indiana State Department of Health, the man will be listed as the father on the birth certificate. Of course, if paternity is contested, it is unlikely that both parties will agree to sign the affidavit. Thus, for most people seeking to establish paternity, this option is of little help.
If the man contests paternity or if the parties are unsure, one of the parties may initiate a paternity action with the court, and the court can order the parties to determine paternity. This can be done through agreement, but is more commonly done through genetic testing. An accredited laboratory will swab both the child and father for DNA to determine if there is a match. Generally, the results of the DNA test will then be admitted into evidence. However, a party may object to the admissibility of DNA evidence, provided they do so within 30 days of the scheduled hearing. If they fail to raise an objection, the DNA evidence is admissible. If the DNA test confirms the man is the child’s biological father, he receives all rights and responsibilities of parenting.
Indiana paternity law also provides for a “rebuttable presumption of paternity” if a man who is not presumed to be a child’s biological father receives the child into his home and holds the child out as his biological child. While this will not necessarily result in the man being awarded paternity, it shifts the burden onto the other party to prove that the man should not be named as the child’s father.